mechanisms. Then invented material means for recording, storage and retrieval of information (F. D

NFORMATION on any system () writing, note or arithmetic before the oldest deciphered writings based on material remains in the study of human cognition and symbolic behavior. The
"Archeology of the mind (cognitive archaology) examines evidence already of the Paleolithic era and, apart from the archaeological blackstar led data and social anthropology, based on other sciences (biology, neurology, psychology ...).
Because human memory is finite, after a key stage of development, blackstar led the Paleolithic period, man began to use external (outside the human body, IVF) Data Storage ways mnimotechnikous blackstar led
mechanisms. Then invented material means for recording, storage and retrieval of information (F. D'Errico), since it was no longer possible to save and manage all the elements necessary for the operation of a given society (A. Leroi- Gourhan). Data were started in points systems necessary blackstar led in communication codes, such as recording, arithmetic or writing. In this sense, a sign consists of two parts, the signifier (symbol) and the signified, whose relationship is arbitrary and has meaning only in the specific point-system and for those who know the code. New Nicomedia 7000 BC
with grooves or lines engravings dating from the Upper Palaeolithic of Europe (beginning about 35,000 years ago) onwards Alike morphology articles of other materials are still used, based on ethnographic martyries-, interpreted at times as the oldest preserved for inventions measuring and recording (tallies, marked bars): measurement service in hunting (the first interpretations), or note rhythms concept inherent in man, ie periods (calendar based on lunar phases, A. Marshack) or modules recitation or songs that reflect blackstar led the rhythm of speech (A. Leroi-Gourhan). The signs (signs) can be grouped, but without being able to distinguish a quality sub-units, if the recurring signs are similar, and without being able to change what has already been recorded. In Mesolithic Europe (Azilien about 11000-9000 years ago), oblong pebbles bear these groups written or engraved signs and interpreted (C. Couraud) again as lunar calendars or game records, interpretation was not accepted by others. However believed that, at least from the Upper Palaeolithic onwards, man invented artificial (extracorporeal) mnemonic systems, even if the precise reasons blackstar led why they were used is unknown to us. The note, treatment and recovery of these systems governed by the following factors: the morphology of the elements, their arrangement in space, their sssorefsi over time and number blackstar led (F. D'Errico).
In the Neolithic era, the mass of information require efficient storage system and external (extracorporeal) storage, using symbolic objects that characterize the early agricultural societies after "Neolithic revolution" (transition to food production stage) before the transition to the mental phase of human evolution "that uses sophisticated blackstar led recovery information for external symbolic storage systems, usually in the form of writing, common in urban communities (C. Renfrew). The retained material remains, the delineated points include: A) three-dimensional small artefacts
The simplest way (v) measurement blackstar led based on one to one, in comparison ie between the modules to be measured (eg herd animals) and delineated points (fingers, pebbles, just tiny artifacts, etc.). Leaves no traces necessary, is still used today and should have been invented and used in different areas and eras from the distant past. Simple arithmetic, addition and subtraction are possible, and the bundling and thus create (sub) sets and the system, since consists of moving objects, allowing subsequent amendments, but is difficult to handle blackstar led very large numbers.
testified in the Near and Middle East (today's Iraq, Iran, Syria and Palestine, Turkey), at least from the 8th to the 4th millennium. In these the D. Schmand-Besserat includes complex shapes (zoomorphic, pots, tools), which could, however, blackstar led belong to other sign systems (eg jewelry, FUN